Understanding Single Action vs. Double Action Handguns: A Comprehensive Guide

Handguns come in various designs, each with its own unique features and benefits. Two fundamental categories of handgun triggers are single action (SA) and double action (DA). Understanding the differences between these trigger mechanisms is crucial for selecting the right firearm for your needs. This article will break down the key differences, functions, and applications of single action and double action triggers.

Single Action vs. Double Action: What’s the Difference?

The main difference between single action and double action triggers lies in their functionality. A single action trigger, as its name suggests, performs a single task: firing the gun. A double action trigger, on the other hand, has two primary duties: first, it must cock the hammer or striker, and second, it must release the hammer or striker to fire the gun.

Single Action Triggers

Single action triggers are simpler and more straightforward. They are designed to release the hammer or striker when pulled. This type of trigger is usually short and light because it only needs to do one job - releasing the hammer. Single action triggers are often used in less critical scenarios, such as target shooting or in scenarios where a lighter, faster draw is necessary.

Double Action Triggers

Double action triggers, in contrast, are more complex and multifunctional. They are designed to both cock and release the hammer or striker. This means that a trigger pull in a double action firearm will not only fire the round but also cock the hammer for the next shot. Due to the additional work involved in cocking the hammer, double action triggers are typically longer and heavier. A well-designed double action trigger may have a pull weight of over 6 pounds, with travel distances of 1.5 to 3 inches.

Types of Double Action Trigger Systems

There are two main subcategories of double action triggers: double action only (DAO) and double action/single action (DA/SA).

Double action only triggers are used in every shot, requiring a full draw of the trigger to both cock and fire the gun. This is often preferred in self-defense situations, as the emphasis is on reliability and ease of use.

Double action/single action (DA/SA) triggers offer the best of both worlds. For the first shot, the trigger must perform both functions—cocking the hammer and firing. However, for subsequent shots, the slide or striker is cocked as the cylinder is rotated, making the trigger much easier to pull. This design is common in semi-automatic pistols but less so in revolvers.

Shooter’s Perspective

The shooter’s experience also differs between single and double action triggers. Single action weapons require the shooter to manually cock the hammer before each shot. This can add precision, but it also requires the shooter to remember to cock the hammer, potentially adding a step to the shooting process.

Double action guns, on the other hand, are made to automatically cock the hammer upon trigger pull. This makes them more intuitive to use, especially in stress-inducing situations.

Special Cases: Revolvers

Revolvers, including famous models like the Colt Single Action Army, also have distinct single and double action functions. Single action revolvers cock the striker mechanism as the slide extracts, ejects, and loads the next round. The shooter, however, must manually cock the hammer before each shot.

In double action revolvers, the trigger pulls the striker back, rotates the cylinder, and then releases the striker to fire the cartridge. This extra activity results in a heavier, longer pull, making the process more cumbersome but offering the advantage of cocking and firing in a single motion.

Applications and Considerations

The choice between single action and double action triggers depends on the intended use of the firearm. Single action is ideal for target shooting, where precision and ease of use are paramount. These triggers are also favored in dangerous or dynamic situations where the hammer must be manually cocked, such as in concealed carry or self-defense scenarios.

Double action triggers, with their full draw and additional cocks, are generally used for self-defense, where reliability and quick reaction time are crucial. However, they are also suitable for everyday carry and general concealed carry situations.

Conclusion

Understanding the differences between single action and double action triggers is crucial for anyone interested in handguns. Whether you are a target shooter, an outdoor enthusiast, or a self-defense owner, selecting the right trigger type can significantly impact your shooting experience. By considering the unique functionalities and applications of both single and double action triggers, you can make a more informed choice for your firearm needs.

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