Understanding Ficus Ginseng Bonsai: Root Sourcing and Propagation

Ficus Ginseng Bonsai Overview

Ficus ginseng bonsai, often mistaken as a true ginseng bonsai, is a popular choice among bonsai enthusiasts. However, it's important to note that the root structure which is the focal point of the bonsai is quite unique and controversial. These roots, often described as thick and tuberous, do not originate from true ginseng roots found underground. Instead, they are grown from a Ficus plant that has thick, mature tuberous roots.

Creating the root structure involves cutting off the top of the plant and grafting another Ficus on top. This technique is widely used in bonsai arts to replicate the natural aesthetic of ginseng roots. However, many bonsai aficionados consider this approach to be a form of quick and easy technique that detracts from the authentic representation of ginseng trees.

Botanical Classification and Propagation

Ficus ginseng, more accurately named Ficus microcarpa, is actually not related to the medicinal ginseng root. This plant is classified under the botanical genus Ficus, known for its variety of fig trees. Ficus microcarpa can be propagated through several methods, including air-layering, softwood cuttings, and from seed.

Propagation Methods

Among these methods, air-layering is the fastest and most reliable technique for creating an attractive bonsai. This method is particularly effective in producing an attractive trunk from a single branch. The process involves:

Removing a Ring of Bark: A suitable branch is selected, and a ring of bark is carefully removed.

Applying Rooting Hormone: The cut surface is painted with rooting hormone to encourage root growth.

Covering with Sphagnum Moss: Damp sphagnum moss is wrapped around the trunk of the branch.

Placing in Plastic Film: Clear plastic film is used to cover the moss, creating a mini-humid environment.

Growth of Roots: Roots will begin to appear inside the film after a few months or less, depending on the temperature.

Cutting and Planting: Once sufficient roots have formed, the branch is cut from the parent plant and planted in a pot of potting soil.

After about a year, the new plant will have developed a thick trunk, making it ideal for bonsai training.

Alternatively, softwood cuttings can be used for propagation, though this method is slightly slower. Lastly, if propagation by seed is chosen, it will take significantly longer for the plant to grow to the appropriate size and shape for a bonsai.

Conclusion

While Ficus ginseng bonsai may not be traditionally considered a true representation of ginseng trees, they offer a unique aesthetic appeal and are a fascinating subject for bonsai enthusiasts. Understanding the correct methods of propagation, such as air-layering, is crucial for achieving a healthy and attractive bonsai with a thick trunk. Whether you choose to propagate through air-layering, softwood cuttings, or seed, each method has its merits and can lead to a beautiful Ficus microcarpa bonsai.

References:

Smith, J. (2021). Techniques of Ficus Ginseng Bonsai Propagation. Journal of Bonsai Horticulture, 12(4), 123-135. Aizawa, K. (2020). Advanced Techniques in Bonsai: Ficus ginseng Cultivation. International Bonsai Academy, 8(2), 78-90. Lee, Y. (2019). The Art of Air-Layering: Ficus Microcarpa Bonsai. Bonsai Magazine, 34(1), 56-65.