The Meaning and Symbolism of a Cross with a Plus Sign Through It: Exploring the Patriarchal and Jerusalem Crosses

When you encounter a cross with a plus sign through it, it is likely that you're seeing one of two distinct types: the Patriarchal Cross or the Jerusalem Cross. Each of these crosses carries rich historical and spiritual significances, which this article will explore in detail.

The Patriarchal Cross

The Patriarchal Cross, also known as the Cross of Lorraine, is a classic cross design with an additional horizontal crossbar higher on the vertical shaft. This design significantly distinguishes it from the traditional Latin cross and the more modern ones.

This cross is significant for its historical and cultural importance. For example, it has been used by the French government as its national emblem since 1204 following the Battle of Courtrai.

The cross consists of a standard vertical beam with a shorter crossbar at the top. The top horizontal beam represents the plaque, believed to have been placed above Christ's head on the cross, carrying the inscription in Latin: “Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews” or commonly abbreviated to INRI.

Some interpretations of the two horizontal bars suggest a deeper symbolic meaning. The upper bar may symbolize Church power, while the lower bar represents secular power. This duality reflects the balance of power between religious and political authorities throughout history.

Variations of the Patriarchal Cross

There is also a variation of this cross where the lower bar is slanted, known as the Eastern Orthodox Cross or Russian Cross. Rather than representing a footrest, some suggest it symbolizes the two thieves who were crucified alongside Jesus. The side pointing upwards is believed to symbolize repentance, while the side pointing downwards symbolizes the lack of repentance and thus journey to hell.

The Jerusalem Cross

The Jerusalem Cross is a distinct variation of the cross design. It is a single Greek cross surrounded by four smaller ones, creating a plus sign of enhancement.

This cross has a fascinating history, too. It was first used during the Crusades, particularly on the coats of arms of the Knights of Jerusalem in the 12th century. The five crosses symbolize the five wounds of Christ or can represent the five books of the Bible.

Conclusion

The cross with a plus sign through it, whether you're referring to the Patriarchal or the Jerusalem Cross, carries profound meanings rooted in history and spirituality. These symbols have been used across various religious and cultural contexts, representing the interplay between Church and State or deeper theological concepts.

If you have encountered a different type of cross or need more detailed information, feel free to provide more specifics. Your queries can significantly enhance the exploration of these meaningful symbols.