The Evolution of Bicycles in America: From Ordinary to Safety Bicycles

Introduction:

The history of bicycles in America is a fascinating journey through innovation and design. The first bicycle to be developed and utilized in the United States had several names and styles. This article delves into the origins and evolution of these early bicycles, particularly focusing on the 'ordinary' or 'penny farthing' bicycle that was once a common sight on American streets.

Early Bicycles: Boneshakers

The first bicycles in America were known as boneshakers. These heavy, rigid bicycles were primarily made of wood and iron, with an incredibly large front wheel and a small back wheel, which made for a bumpy and uncomfortable ride. The large front wheel could be as large as 56 inches in diameter, while the smaller back wheel usually measured around 13 to 15 inches.

The Penny Farthing or Ordinary Bicycle

The penny farthing, or ordinary bicycle, was the next significant development in bicycle design. It was named after the resemblance of the large front wheel to a British coin (penny) and the small rear wheel to a farthing. The design of the penny farthing was groundbreaking as it allowed for a more efficient and faster ride, despite the added risk of the front wheel getting caught on obstacles. Riders would typically sit high above the ground and had to hop onto the seat with both feet.

The Birth of the Safety Bicycle

The safety bicycle, which developed from the penny farthing, marked a significant advancement in bicycle technology. Unlike the penny farthing, the safety bicycle featured two wheels of approximately the same size, typically around 26 to 28 inches. This design provided a more stable and comfortable ride, making the bicycle more accessible to a broader range of users.

Other Early Bicycles: Drizy and Hobbyhorse

Before the penny farthing, there were other early bicycles such as the Drazine and Hobbyhorse. The Drazine, also known as the draisine, was developed in Germany and brought to America in the early 19th century. It was essentially a draisine with a carriage attached, and it featured two wheels of the same size. The Hobbyhorse was one of the earliest forms of bicycles. It had two wheels of almost the same size and a bar that the rider would straddle, similar to a walkingstick.

The Significance of the Bicycle: From Transport to Leisure

The early bicycles, including the penny farthing, played a crucial role in the development of modern transportation. These bicycles allowed individuals to travel faster and more efficiently than on foot or horseback. Over time, the penny farthing's design flaws were addressed, and with the advent of the safety bicycle, the bicycle became a more accessible and safer form of transportation. As the design evolved, the bicycle also became a leisure activity, contributing to a rise in popularity among both men and women.

Conclusion:

From the earliest forms of bicycles such as the boneshaker and hobbyhorse to the more advanced ordinary and then the safety bicycle, the development of bicycles in America is a story of innovation and refinement. The penny farthing, while not ideal, was a critical step in the evolution of the bicycle, paving the way for more comfortable and safer designs that we enjoy today.