The Chemical Name and Properties of Citric Acid: A Comprehensive Guide

Citric acid, a widely recognized organic acid, is an important compound commonly found in citrus fruits. This article will delve into the chemical name of citric acid as recognized by the IUPAC, explore its molecular formula, and discuss its applications and significance.

The Chemical Name of Citric Acid

The chemical name of citric acid is 2-hydroxypropane-123-tricarboxylic acid. According to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), the Systematic IUPAC Name of citric acid is:

2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid

However, this name is rarely used in practical applications due to its complexity and length. Instead, the more commonly accepted name is simply citric acid, which is confirmed by IUPAC and widely recognized.

The IUPAC Naming Rules for Citric Acid

According to the IUPAC naming rules, the descriptive name for citric acid is:

3-Hydroxypentane-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid

This name, while informative, is also rarely used in practice. It provides a systematic breakdown of the molecule’s structure, highlighting its carbon, oxygen, and hydroxyl groups.

The Molecular Formula and Chemical Structure

The molecular formula for citric acid is C6H8O7. This formula indicates that citric acid is a tricarboxylic acid, meaning it contains three carboxylic acid (-COOH) groups in its structure. The molecular formula and structure are crucial for understanding its chemical properties and behavior.

The Role of Citric Acid in Cellular Respiration

In living organisms, citric acid plays a significant role as an intermediary compound in the Krebs Cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle). This cycle is a central metabolic pathway in aerobic cellular respiration, enabling the conversion of nutrients into energy.

Citric Acid in Industry and Food

Beyond its role in biological processes, citric acid is widely used in various industries due to its versatile properties. Some of its key applications include:

Natural Preservative: Citric acid is used as a preservative in food and beverage products to extend shelf life. Flavoring Agent: It acts as a natural flavor enhancer and stabilizer in candies, beverages, and other food products. PH Adjuster: Citric acid is commonly used to adjust the pH of products, from skincare solutions to cleaning agents. Extraction: It is used in the extraction of flavors, pigments, and other substances from plants and other sources.

Additional Information

Other important information about citric acid includes its chemical names and common forms:

Citric acid 77-92-9 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Citric acid anhydrous Citro anhydrous citric acid

The chemical formula for citric acid, C6H8O7, indicates its molecular composition. The IUPAC name, 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, offers a more detailed structure, but is not commonly used in practical applications.

Understanding the chemical name and properties of citric acid is essential for researchers, chemists, and anyone working in industries that utilize this compound.