The Bible and Intersex: A Historical and Theological Perspective

Intersex conditions, also referred to as Disorders of Sex Development (DSD), involve variations in sex characteristics. While the concept of intersex may seem new to some, it is important to understand how theological and religious beliefs, particularly within Christianity, have historically and currently interact with this complex issue.

The Holy Bible, as a primary theological text, does not extensively address contemporary terms and conditions. Terms like 'intersex' or 'eunuch' in the Bible represent a much simpler understanding of human sexuality and gender. The Genesis narrative is clear: 'So God created mankind in his own image, in the image of God he created them; male and female he created them' (Genesis 1:27). Here, the Bible describes humans as male or female without ambiguity.

Christianity, as a religious and theological movement, emerged after the biblical period, around the first century CE, between the final writings of the Old Testament and the composition of the New Testament. The early Christian community derived their understanding of humanity and sexuality from the existing interpretations of Judaism, which were shaped by the cultural and historical context of the time.

During this time, eunuchs (men who had been castrated) were considered abnormal and were often stigmatized. However, Jesus, a central figure in Christian belief, addressed eunuchs in a manner that challenges simplistic interpretations. In the Gospel of Matthew, Jesus states: “For there are eunuchs who were born that way and there are eunuchs who have been made eunuchs by others—and there are those who choose to live like eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of heaven” (Matthew 19:12).

Some interpreters argue that Jesus was discussing celibacy and not third gender identities. However, the term parthenoi (virgins) exists in the Greek language, which was used in the New Testament, and it was clearly distinguished from eunuchs. Biblical scholars note that the phrase "those who choose to live like eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of heaven" indicates a social or lifestyle choice rather than a biological state.

It is important to consider the historical and cultural context of biblical times. The Bible was written in a period where the concept of intersex was not known, and eunuchs were often viewed as social outcasts. This perspective has been challenged and examined by modern understandings of human diversity.

Theological Implications for Intersex Individuals

As Christianity evolved, it formed institutions and traditions that often lacked mechanisms for revising authoritative texts in response to new discoveries and understandings. This has led to a situation where certain issues, including the interpretation of intersex conditions, remain challenging and subject to varying theological and philosophical perspectives.

The Bible itself does not provide specific guidance on intersex conditions. It is important for Christians to approach these complex issues with sensitivity and understanding. While the Bible emphasizes that God created humans in His image, it does not address all aspects of contemporary human diversity.

Interpretation and Modern Understanding

Intersex individuals today face a different set of challenges than eunuchs of biblical times. Theological debates about intersex conditions often revolve around questions of identity, acceptance, and the role of the church in supporting these individuals.

Theological discussions regarding intersex conditions can be approached through various lenses, including:

Grace and Compassion: Jesus' teachings emphasize compassion and grace. This perspective can be used to argue for the inclusion and acceptance of intersex individuals. Identity and Calling: Some interpretations focus on the unique identity and calling that intersex individuals might have. This perspective suggests that each individual, regardless of their physical attributes, has a purpose and a unique calling from God. Community and Support: Intersex individuals often need support within their communities. The church can play a role in providing this support, fostering an environment of acceptance and understanding.

Conclusion

In conclusion, while the Bible does not directly address intersex conditions, it can serve as a foundation for promoting inclusion, compassion, and understanding within the Christian community. Through grace, compassion, and a focus on individual identity and calling, Christians can support intersex individuals and advocate for their rights and well-being.