Kerala's Pioneering Role in Human Development Index: An Insights

India has a diverse landscape with several states contributing to the country's overall growth and development. Among them, Kerala consistently records the highest Human Development Index (HDI) value. In this article, we delve into the reasons behind this remarkable achievement, considering the broader context of why states can record the highest HDI values in India.

Why Kerala Records the Highest HDI Value in India

Before we explore the details, it's important to acknowledge my background. I am a Malayali/Kannadiga from a family that migrated to Karnataka from Kerala around the 1950s. This gives me a unique perspective, and I aim to present a balanced view.

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic used to rank countries based on average achievements in key dimensions of human development. These dimensions include a long and healthy life, a decent standard of living, and being knowledgeable. The components are measured by indicators such as literacy rates, life expectancy, and GDP per capita.

Key Indicators of Kerala's High HDI

Literacy Rate: Kerala is renowned for its high literacy rate, which stands at around 96.5%, the highest in India. This achievement can be attributed to several factors, including the influence of Maharajas, Christian institutions, and successive state governments that have dedicated resources to education.

Life Expectancy: Kerala also has the highest life expectancy in India, averaging around 75 years. This can be attributed to better primary healthcare services, lower poverty levels, and a healthier lifestyle with regard to hygiene and food habits.

GDP Per Capita: Although Kerala's GDP per capita may not be the highest in India, the people are, on average, richer compared to most other states. This is primarily due to the fact that 10% of the population works abroad, generating significant wealth and improving the overall standard of living. Additionally, the state has a highly educated population, which contributes to economic and social development.

Recipients of Overseas Foreign Remittances

Kerala's achievement in HDI can be attributed in large part to its role as the highest recipient of overseas foreign remittances in India. With four international airports, the state sees a substantial influx of people traveling to Gulf countries to earn substantial amounts of money. This remittance inflow significantly enhances the overall economic condition and aids in the development of human capabilities.

Relevance of HDI in Evaluating Development

According to the United Nations Organization, the evaluation of a country or state's development should be based on "people and their capabilities," not solely on economic growth. The HDI concept was introduced to stimulate debate about government policies and choices, ultimately leading to development that benefits the human beings, not just the economy.

The HDI aims to ensure that developmental policies focus on improving the quality of life and enhancing human capabilities, rather than merely increasing GDP. By considering various aspects of human development, the HDI provides a comprehensive measure of a state's progress.

Conclusion

Although Kerala may not be known for its industrial development, its achievements in literacy, life expectancy, and GDP per capita combined to make it India's highest-ranked state in the Human Development Index. The state's economic growth, driven by a significant portion of its population working abroad and contributing to overseas remittances, further enhances its HDI score.

The success of Kerala in the HDI signifies the importance of prioritizing human development over purely economic growth, aligning with the UN's intention behind the HDI framework.

Related Keywords

Kerala HDI Human Development Index Kerala Development