Charles de Gaulle's Rank During World War II and His Role in French Military Strategy

Charles de Gaulle, a prominent French leader, served in a diverse range of military and political capacities during World War II. This article delves into his military rank, exploring the progression from his early days in the French Army to his later appointments and the circumstances under which he achieved the rank of Brigade General. We will also examine the context of his actions during the war and his strategic positions, which led to his significant influence in French resistance and leadership.

Early Military Service and Progression

Charles de Gaulle entered military service in October 1912 as a Second Lieutenant. Over time, he rose steadily through the ranks. By the outbreak of World War II in 1940, de Gaulle had attained the rank of Colonel, a position that was far above the expectations of his peers considering his relatively young age and the challenging environment of the pre-war period.

In the context of the French military, de Gaulle was promoted on 26 April 1940 from Colone to Général de Brigade, which is equivalent to Brigadier General in the US and British Armies. This promotion came at a critical time when France was facing the imminent invasion by Germany. On 17 May 1940, de Gaulle became the acting Brigade General and was later confirmed in this rank on 1 June 1940. This confirmation was a result of his distinguished actions during the Battle of Abbeville, where he demonstrated strategic leadership and courage under heavy pressure.

Strategic Leadership and Battle Performances

De Gaulle's strategic acumen became evident when he was appointed interim commander of the 4th Armoured Division in April 1940. This division was in the process of being formed, and he swiftly launched the counter-attack at the Battle of Montcornet, taking several strategic points. Despite the ultimate withdrawal of French forces following German air force intervention, de Gaulle's actions highlighted his effectiveness and boldness.

During the Battle of Abbeville, de Gaulle's performance further solidified his reputation. As a Brigadier General, he fought under the command of General Maxime Weygand, where his leadership and strategic decisions played a critical role. The effectiveness of his actions during this battle reinforced his temporary status as a general officer and eventually led to his official confirmation in this rank.

Political Influence and Disputes

While de Gaulle was a Brigadier General, his influence extended beyond his military rank. He used his positions to advance his political goals. Despite being outwardly recognized as a Brigadier General, de Gaulle often remained in a position of political leadership, while allowing other generals of higher ranks to handle the military operations on the ground. This dual role diminished any potential backhanded criticism that might arise from direct military command.

Dan Delany's comparison of de Gaulle and MacArthur reflects on their shared trait of using the war as a platform for personal advancement. Both men were strategic thinkers and skilled military leaders, but they prioritized different aspects of their military strategies. While de Gaulle's actions were aimed at achieving greater political influence, MacArthur's were focused on the direct command of military operations.

It is important to note that while both men had their strengths and weaknesses, describing them as 'bad generals' would be an excessive characterization. They were both competent leaders in their own right and operated within the complex political and military landscape of the time.

Conclusion

Charles de Gaulle's military rank of Brigadier General was a testament to his strategic thinking and leadership in the early stages of World War II. His actions during the Battle of Montcornet and the Battle of Abbeville exemplify his effectiveness and bravery. Despite his political ambitions, de Gaulle maintained a balance between his military and political roles, ensuring that he upheld the best interests of his country.