CPR Ratios for Infants and Children: Understanding the Correct Compression-to-Rescue Breaths Ratio

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a critical lifesaving technique used in emergencies where a person's heart has stopped or is not pumping adequately, and the person is not breathing. The compression-to-breath ratio is a crucial component of performing effective CPR, especially for infants and children. This article aims to provide a clear understanding of the CPR ratios for infants, guidance for rescuers, and the latest advancements in CPR techniques.

Single Rescuer vs. Two or More Rescuers

When performing CPR on an infant, the recommended compression-to-breath ratio differs based on the number of rescuers involved. For a single rescuer, the typical ratio is 30 compressions followed by 2 breaths.

For situations where two or more rescuers are available, the recommended ratio changes to 15 compressions followed by 2 breaths. This adjustment is made to allow for more frequent breaths, which are critical for maintaining proper oxygenation in the infant.

Rescue Breathing Techniques

The rates of compression and rescue breathing are important in ensuring that the infant receives adequate blood flow and oxygenation. The rate of compression (i.e., the number of compressions per minute) should be between 100 and 120 compressions per minute. This rate ensures that the heart is being adequately supported without unnecessary pauses during the CPR process.

One of the recent changes in CPR training is the respiratory rate of rescue breathing or breath rate during CPR when an advanced airway is in place. For infants and children, rescue breathing should be at a rate of a breath every 2–3 seconds, which translates to 20–30 breaths per minute. This rate is specific to the use of advanced airways such as an endotracheal tube, tracheostomy, or laryngeal mask airway (LMA).

Hand-Only CPR vs. Respiratory Support

In recent years, there has been a strong recommendation for hands-only CPR for adults, which emphasizes the importance of chest compressions at a rate of 100 compressions per minute. For infants and children, the CPR process should still include breaths, and the recommended ratio is still 30 compressions to 2 breaths.

Availability of CPR Courses

To ensure that you are well-prepared to handle an emergency, it is advisable to take a CPR course. You can contact us at (718) 755-9035 to enroll in either an in-person or virtual CPR course. These courses are designed to provide comprehensive training and certification, ensuring that you are equipped with the necessary skills to perform effective CPR.

Remember, CPR is a vital life-saving skill that can make a significant difference in an emergency. Whether you are a professional or an individual looking to learn CPR, taking a course can be one of the most important steps you can take to save a life.